How to do membrane batteries store energy?

A diaphragm accumulator is a high-performance hydraulic component whose basic design consists of a pressure chamber, a gas chamber, and a flexible diaphragm separating them. This design allows the accumulator to perform several functions in hydraulic systems, including energy storage, shock absorption, and pulsation dampening. The pressure chamber is directly connected to the hydraulic fluid of the system, receiving and storing fluid from the pump when it is needed by the system. The gas chamber is usually pre-filled with high-pressure nitrogen or another inert gas as a compressive medium, which is responsible for storing energy when the diaphragm is compressed. The flexible diaphragm is the key component separating the two chambers. It must not only be strong enough to withstand high pressure, but also flexible enough to respond to dynamic changes in the fluid. Before installing and connecting the accumulator to the system, the gas chamber must be pre-charged with nitrogen or another gas at the appropriate pressure. This step is critical because it determines the amount of energy the accumulator can store and how quickly it will respond. During commissioning, it is also necessary to ensure that the diaphragm is in the correct position and that there are no leaks between the two chambers.
When the hydraulic system is under high pressure, excess hydraulic fluid is directed into the pressure chamber of the accumulator. As fluid enters, the diaphragm gradually contracts, causing the gas in the gas chamber to further compress, thereby storing a large amount of potential energy. The pressure in the gas chamber increases as the diaphragm contracts. The compressibility of the gas plays a key role in this process, allowing a large amount of energy to be stored with a relatively small change in volume.
During operation, the accumulator automatically adjusts its energy storage state according to the requirements of the system. For example, when the system pressure drops, the gas in the gas chamber expands, pushing the diaphragm toward the pressure chamber, releasing the stored energy to maintain system pressure stability. This dynamic balance mechanism helps reduce pressure fluctuations in the system and improve the overall efficiency and stability of the system.
Diaphragm accumulators are widely used in various hydraulic systems such as machinery, shipbuilding, and automobile manufacturing. By storing and releasing energy, they reduce dependence on hydraulic pumps and reduce energy consumption. Effectively absorb impulses and shocks in the system, reduce pressure fluctuations and improve the smoothness of the system. By reducing pressure fluctuations and shocks, wear on other parts of the system is reduced and the service life of the equipment is extended.